Hosted by Public Health Ontario
In September 2024, a case of zoonotic cutaneous diphtheria caused by toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae was identified in a donkey in Ontario, Canada. Laboratory testing confirmed the presence and expression of the diphtheria toxin gene. Due to the potential of animal to human transmission, a public health investigation ensued, and identified seven human close contacts who were offered post-exposure prophylaxis. Fortunately, none tested positive for C. diphtheriae. This case highlights the importance of a coordinated One Health approach involving both animal and public health sectors in managing emerging and re-emerging zoonotic infections. It also exposed legislative gaps that delayed public health action due to limitations in accessing personal health information needed for timely interventions. Enhanced disease surveillance, along with clearer protocols for reporting and information sharing across sectors, is essential to reduce the risk of future zoonotic outbreaks and protect public health.